出埃及記第卅四章
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 9.0pt 27.0pt 45.0pt 63.0pt" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">出埃及記第卅四章<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">B 更新的盟約(三十四</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">~</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">35</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">)</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"> 本章敘述新石版的賜子、神名字的宣告、盟約的訂立,又列明盟約所作的要求。以驚人的措詞結束全章的附記,形容摩西與耶和華的親密交通產生了可見的效果。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 這段經文亦引發了一些問題。部分學者相信本章不是前面所立盟約的更新(以色列毀約,所以盟約必須更新),而是同一事件的又一個的記載。他們若認為第一個記載(出十九~二十四)是基於</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> E </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">典,本段便是來自</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> J </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">底本。然而本章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節以及申命記九章、十章,都堅持原來的盟約曾經更新。這種「更新」,可能就是觀念多有重複的原因,但字句卻沒有重複(例子包括了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節神的啟示,以及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">25</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節的盟約條款)。前者和摩西早期的異象有很多相類之處,後者自然和「約書」(出二十~二十三章)有不少平行的地方。第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節有點奇怪,不像出埃及記二十章和申命記六章般引述「十言」。然而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">28</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節毫無疑問地肯定了十誡的存在,我們亦在出埃及記二十至二十三章遇見過類似的曖昧之處,不能確定盟約條款究竟是「十言」,還是全本的「約書」。若將「約書」視作「十言」的延伸和註解,衝突便不存在了。盟約條款是關乎神和人的啟示,並非一系列硬性的法律規章。這個盟約律法很可能一開始便有幾個較短,但互不衝突的公式或校本同時存在。如此一來,我們便不必試圖從三十四章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">26</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節,擬制和出埃及記二十章、申命記六章「倫理十誡」平行(出二十三章才是真正的平行經文),甚或與其競爭的「禮儀十誡」,作為恢復和更新盟約的基礎(出三十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">27</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。挪士對整個問題的處理最是精闢:他指出兩套律法即或有不同重點,在基本神學方面卻毫無衝突之處(正如二十章的十誡和二十~二十三章的約書之間也沒有衝突)。無論如何,若果「十言」雖未明言,但已在本段背後的假設之中,問題便不復存在了。亦有人試圖基於現有材料,生硬地製造另一個「十誡」;詳情請參看海厄特。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all">{\Section:TopicID=249}</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"> 新法版</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鑿出兩塊石版,和先前的一樣</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。摩西受命鑿出兩塊石版(參出三十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">16</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),根據</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">27</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">28</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節,他又要在版上親自寫上「這約的話」,亦即是十誡。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我要寫</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,依照</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">27</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">28</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節看來,寫字的是摩西,本節則說神要親自寫出來;敘事者不認為兩者互相矛盾。對他來說,兩段經文是用不同方法描述同一連串的事件,意義絕對相等。這觀點顯出堅定的神學立場,深信妥拉是神心思和本性之表達,同時證明機械化地按照字面解釋這幾句話,是不必要的。任何關乎「神書寫」的解釋一定得同時留有餘地,承認「摩西書寫」是同樣真實的。我們或者可以將這立場歸納,應用在全本舊約之上。前面有關神和法老的形容,是個完全類同的例子。聖經說神使法老的心剛硬(出四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">21</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)、法老使自己心硬(出八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">15</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),又說法老心硬,卻絕口不提使他如此的媒介(出七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">13</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也不可叫羊群牛群吃草</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。全座山在神降臨於其上之時稱聖的規矩,顯然和上次一樣(出十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">13</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all">{\Section:TopicID=250}</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">9.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"> 神的自我宣言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">5.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宣告耶和華的名</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,耶和華的</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">名</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表達了祂一切的所是、所為,這話的意思就是宣告神拯救的作為。這亦是新約時代</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"> ke{rygma</SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration">「報信者之信息」一字的意義(和合本一般譯作「所傳的」)。神在此自我啟示,向摩西</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration">宣告</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration">祂的自我(與二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之「十言」引言,和三十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">19</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">相同)。認為宣告不過是指摩西公布關乎神的信息,而非神向摩西作出宣言的看法,甚不可信,耶和華用第三身向人啟示雖然罕見,卻並非絕不可能。然而海厄特則認為這句話應當譯作「摩西求告耶和華的名」,而將神的自我宣言留待第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節開始。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">7.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">萬不以有罪的為無罪</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。啟示的要點主要說祂是有憐憫、有恩典的神(這兩個特點可參看三十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">19</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,本段又加上了「慈愛」和「守信」兩個描寫盟約關係的典型字眼;「守信」和合本作「諏崱梗?_@裡和二十章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節一樣,同時又提到了神本性的另一面:祂在赦罪之外,亦會懲罰罪人。神的自我啟示,在盟約更新的背景中有更深的意義;以色列得蒙赦罪反映出神恩典的奇妙。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直到三四代</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,是個表示延續的典型閃族用語(參二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">註釋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all">{\LinkToBook:TopicID=192,Name= </SPAN><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">B 十言(二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all">1</SPAN><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all">17</SPAN><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all">}</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。這世界充滿了種族文化仇恨,住在其中的我們不難明白一代的罪,如何影響以後的世代。摩西最低限度也明白了其中的含義:他立時為百姓求神赦免,又請求祂繼續和自己有罪之民同在。正如他在三十二章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">9</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">14</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節和三十三章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">16</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節所作的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all">{\Section:TopicID=251}</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">11.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"> 盟約導言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"> 這兩節最好似乎是合在一起讀。不宜依照</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> RSV </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節另開新段。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">10.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我要立約</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。神不但應許立約(動詞的時態並不明確),更略述從神從人兩方面看,這約包括了什麼。世俗的赫人帝國條約,尤其是強國和藩屬之間的「宗主條約」,亦有同樣特徵(關於這方面的詳細討論,可參看曼登豪)。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">行奇妙的事</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,這個希伯來字眼也曾用來形容埃及所受的十災(出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">20</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。神要行</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可畏懼的事</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一語,解釋了它在本節的意思(譯作「令人懍然敬畏之事」更佳)。神這時要做的也和祂在埃及所行的一樣,同時是審判和拯救的作為。神一切所為,在本質上都包括了這兩方面。對基督徒來說,十字架也彰顯了這種雙重的特質:人不是因之而稱義,就是因之而定罪。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">11.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我要從你面前攆出</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。本節將驅逐迦南人和將地賜給以色列,解釋為上面「奇妙的事」之含義。詳舉迦南人種的用意,不只是要列出民族的清單,更是藉著成事之難,反映神蹟之大(申四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">38</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。然而勝利是有條件的,以色列必須遵守神的命令:這通常也是盟約導言下半部的主題。這些條件或條款就在下面列出,有時亦(可能是不當地)稱為「禮儀十誡」(參出二十三)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all">{\Section:TopicID=252}</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">28.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"> 盟約條款</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"> 這標題用起來雖然方便,對以下經文的形容也並非不正確,卻當小心不可誤解其含義。本段不論是形容新盟約還是複述舊盟約,「十言」都必須以某種形式出現(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">28</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節)。由於本段的材料酷似「約書」的內容(出二十一~二十三章),我們只得作出兩者都是節錄自同一個較大之整體的結論(申命記的律法材料亦源於此)。因此我們絕對不應以為這裡列出了全部「條款」:它只是神要求的摘要而已。再者將本段形容為「禮儀十誡」,更是雙重的誤導。第一,經文必須大肆刪改,才能達到十(甚至十二)的數目;若是承認平行的「十言」已經存在,便無須多此一舉。第二,本段並非「大部分」,更非「完全」關乎禮儀,稱之為「節期法典」更為貼切(平行經文可見於出二十三章)。節期必須每年三次,專為耶和華而慶祝;經文提出了一些守節必須的細節。安息日也算為節期之一。他們既為果物豐收而謝恩,便得包括初熟果子之節日(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">26</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節),並且譴責迦南生殖崇拜的法術和禮儀。起碼有一個節期與神在往日歷史中之救贖相連(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">18</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">節;這是以色列宗教的特徵)。「代贖」頭生人畜的規條表面看來無關重要,其實也是基於這個救贖的大背景。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">12.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不可……立約</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。既然與神立約,便不可與迦南人建立任何盟約關係。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">13.</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">砍下他們的木偶</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">木偶</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是通常立於巴力祭壇旁邊(士六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">25</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)的聖樹或木柱(後者可能代表樹木)。這種彷彿「五月柱」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">maypole</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,歐洲傳統五朔節</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> May Day </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中繞著跳舞的花柱)的柱子,代表拉斯珊拉(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Ras Shamra</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)文獻中的海之亞舍拉(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Asherah-of-the-Sea</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。她是迦南人的「幸吲?瘛埂
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