丁道尔圣经注释:出埃及记第三章
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 9.0pt 27.0pt 45.0pt 63.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU"></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">C 与神相会(三</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~四</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">31</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">{\Section:TopicID=137}</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">6.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 异象中看见神</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 摩西</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">牧养</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">羊群。希伯来文的语法表示这是他惯常的职业。虽然现代学者十分偏爱的理论为:米甸是个采铜矿的民族和基尼人是巡回铁匠。考古证据又很诱人,圣经却完全没有支持的证据。死海以南的亚拉巴没错是有铜矿,以色列在旷野时也造出了无数的铜器(出三十五及下),但圣经传统却言尽于此。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">旷野的西边</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(和合本作「野外」)。希伯来语</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>~ah]ar </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">原来的意思是「后面」;这「西」是从米甸的立场而看,所以可能是个米甸的用语。闪族人指出方向时,习惯上是以面向东方作为标准;「后面」就是「西面」。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">神的山,就是何烈山</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,又可以译作「何烈,极大的山」。在普通的闪族惯用语中,这是形容极大规模或力量的方法(参照阿拉伯语的用法)。使用传统记号来描述假想中之五经来源的人,宣称伊罗欣与申命底本(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">E </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">和</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>D</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)使用「何烈」,雅巍及祭司底本(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">J </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> P</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)则用「西乃」。我们不晓得这两个名字为什么似乎交替使用。有人提出何烈是西乃的一部分,但这纯粹是臆测。「何烈」一词不难证实来自闪族语,意思大概是「沙漠」或「荒凉」。它可能是非闪族语名字「西乃」的闪族语名称。西乃(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman">si^na{y</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)一名肯定十分古老;在语源学上,它可能和邻近之汛(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman">si^n</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)的旷野有关。然而把这名字和希伯来语的</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>s#neh</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">「荆棘丛」,或亚喀得月神「辛」(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Sin</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)相连,在语源学上都是不可靠的。比较重要的问题却不是名称,而是我们事实上不知道「神的山」在哪里(这个流行的名字,也用于本节)。它是否在西奈半岛?若然,它是在南面的传统地点,还是在一东北面西珥群山之间,可以俯瞰以色列多年来的部落中心加低斯</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">巴尼亚绿洲?不然的话,它是否位于亚喀巴湾东北的阿拉伯山区?圣经地理细节大体指向西奈半岛南部。其中传统地点摩西山(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman">G%ebelMu^sa</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,海拔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7467</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">英呎)很有可取之处,但也有人相信附近某些较高的山峰更为合适。值得一提的是,和被掳到巴比伦一样,这件以色列信仰最为显著的事迹,发生在国外(参较亚伯拉罕之蒙召),所以日后的以色列似乎不知道,也不关心这事发生的确实地点。除了伊莱贾的旅程(王上十九)可能是惟一例外,后来也没有迹象说有人到此朝圣。然而以色列也知道「神的山」是在迦南南方某处;譬如:圣经形容神从巴兰、西珥,或其它,只粗略说明是在南方的山岭而来,帮助祂的子民(申三十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。这和迦南人的看法形成强烈对比,他们相信神祇住在北方远处的山巅。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 圣经思想中完全没有证据,显示以色列人一度以为神在西乃山居住。反之,西乃只是神向摩西显现(出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),后来又颁布律法给子民(出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)之处。就现代字眼而言,与其说西乃「是」神的山,不如说它因</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">神在其上的所言所行,「成为了」神的山;这概念是动态而非静态的。初时,任何神曾显现的地方,都可以用来敬拜神(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),西乃不过是其中的一个例子。西乃一带,不错是发现了很多后期拿巴提人(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Nabataean</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)的铭刻,证明这山起码在后来被视为圣山。有人据此宣称这山对米甸人而言,可能已经是圣地了。由于完全没有证据,这一点我们不能肯定,亦无法否定。起码根据经文,摩西来到这山时,并没有存</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">什么宗教的动机,只是在此放羊而已。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">耶和华的使者</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,英文译本一般作</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>angel of the Lord</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">「主的天使」,但直译应该是</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>messenger of YHWH</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">「耶和华的使者」</SPAN><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">7</SPAN></SUP><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。由于第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节说明从荆棘里呼叫摩西的是神自己,「使者」一语大概只是神临在的敬称;族长记述中也有例证(创十八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。引述戴维生(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Davidson</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)的德莱维,对本节的评论极具睿智。高深的天使论要到旧约的启示书卷(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">apocalyptic books</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,即以西结书、但以理书、撒迦利亚书)中才开始出现。至于早期的书卷,最好还是把「天使」译作「使者」,让上文下理来决定这究竟是人、是灵、还是一如本节,是对神本身的敬称。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">火焰中</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,这句话可能故意引人联想创世记中,天使持发火焰的剑,把守生命树的故事(创三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。和圣经其它地方一样,神降临西乃山时也是以火为象征(出十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。出埃及记十三章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节把神同在的带领和护佑形容为「火柱」。这象征的根据,可能是因为火有洁净、甚至毁坏的特性(申四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">);冶金匠在古代世界瞩目皆是(玛三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。然而通常来说,火似乎是形容神的圣洁,特别是祂对罪恶的忿恨(十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,三十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">荆棘</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(英译本多作</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>bush</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">「灌木」,原文</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>s#neh </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">的意义大概是「荆棘丛」),显然是基于本段的申命记三十三章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节,用的也是同一个字。因此该节「住荆棘中上主」一语,不应被视为独立的信念,以为神是住在荆棘之中,或其附近一带。反之,这句话只是提到这个场合里,神在时空之中的自我彰显。摩西看见的究竟是什么呢?是个超自然异象(像某些先知如以西结所见的),还是物质世界中的真实现象?若是后者,他所见的究竟是沙漠中一棵有刺的灌木</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">火焚烧;还是有灿烂花朵,称为「燃烧灌木」的矮树;还是落日的光辉映照在荆棘丛上,造成了火焰的效果?以上理论都有人提出过。但这是无关重要的,它无论是什么,神总是利用摩西起初的好奇心把他引到那里。但真正的启示却不是焚烧的荆棘,而是神在当地对摩西所说的话。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">神呼叫</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">〔</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">他</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">〕,这译法比「神呼召他」为佳。整个基督徒蒙召的概念,都是建立在神亲自与我们交通,按名呼召我们的信念之上。忘记了这点,拣选的教义便和我们的顺服脱节,失去了人情味,变得抽象、冷峻。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">不要近前来</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,这句话应该译作「不要继续接近」(约二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">也当译作「不要老拉</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">我不放手」)。神至终不会禁止人不得接近祂;但摩西仍未作好准备,因为他当时还未认识神的临在和本性。摩西以后将要「近前」到神那里为他人代求(三十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),而他最深切的祷求亦会是能够觐见神。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">把你脚上的鞋脱下来</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,这仍是东方人敬拜的姿态。这个尊崇的表征有两个可能的起源:其一是,它可能表示接受奴隶身分,因为奴隶通常是赤足的(路十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">);其二是,它可能是极早期的人接近神祇之前,必须除去一切遮盖和虚饰的遗俗。以色列的祭司虽然为了保持庄重,穿</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">细麻布的袍子(参出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),早期苏默(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Sumer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)人的祭司却是赤裸执行职务的。赤裸的脚足,不过是个表征,对居住在冬季气候寒冷地方的人并不合适。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">圣地</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,使之成圣的,是神的临在以及祂将要在此作出的自我启示。上文已经提过,这看法胜于假定此地已是米甸人的圣山、甚至「圣树」的看法。不然这位米甸祭司的女婿,断不会懵然不知。从迦南地的古木到印度的圣榕,世界各地都有大小树木被称为「圣」。但以色列并没有这种概念。「神圣」对以色列而言,不但是活的,更是伦理的;它的内容并不止于神积极的启示,更包括了启示者的本性。全本圣经之中,「圣」字在此首次出现。这概念一开始就和神有关,很值得留意。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">你父亲的神</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,在《撒玛利亚五经》中,「父亲」是众数,可译作「祖宗」或「列祖」,和下半节一样是指亚伯拉罕、艾萨克、雅各布。这句话的基本意思,重点无疑不是暗兰甚至亚伯拉罕,而是「祖宗的神」</SPAN><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">8</SPAN></SUP><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。这是极重要的一点,接受与否对下面经文的解释很有影响。摩西带给同胞的并非新神,也不是他们所不认识的神,而是对他们所认识的神进一步的启示。甚至保罗在亚略巴古对雅典人所说的话(徒十七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">23</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),也不能与此相提并论。惟一真正类似的,只有神在将来世纪中的自我启示;这启示的巅峰就是基督降世。当时给摩西的启示虽然是对列祖应许的应验,对以色列而言,却和将来弥赛亚降世,同样的新鲜而具震撼力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">{\Section:TopicID=138}</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">12.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 神的呼召和应许</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">督工</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,差不多相等于「压迫者」。原文</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>no{ge{s </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">是个很有意思的闪族语字眼,衣索比亚(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ethiopia</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,和合本称埃提阿伯)的皇帝称为「尼格斯」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Negus</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),就是这字一个现代的形式。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">地</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,这是神对亚伯拉罕伟大应许的一部分(创十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。神和我们开始接触,是按</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">我们的处境,和我们所能理解的需要,我们的认识是何等肤浅都没有关系;祂又从此带引我们认识那更深入的需要。祂向无后之人应许儿子,向无地无业的流浪牧人应许国家,向无名的人应许名声(创十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。这不是没有价值的应许,亚伯拉罕抓紧这些之时,他内心深处其实是渴求只有神才能赐与的事物;用今日用语来说,他是渴想持续、稳定、身分。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">流奶与蜜</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,「流」译作「渗」更为贴切。这是放牧者的譬喻:牛的乳部胀得渗出奶来。本节将迦南形容为放牧者梦寐以求的地方。奶、奶油、奶酪、蜂蜜,都不会在人口稠密的农业社会出产。例如以赛亚书七章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节就以「奶油与蜂蜜」,来描述耕地因战争变成草场之后所出的产物。这句形容迦南山地的话,在五经之中,常用得可能已经成为俗谚。特别是将迦南和干旱的西乃,甚至加低斯</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">巴尼亚等绿洲相比,这句形容很是正确。奶大多来自绵羊和山羊。蜜(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman">d#b[as%</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)在圣经之中,似乎必定是指蜂蜜。在阿拉伯语中蜂蜜是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">?</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> `asal</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,而</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <I><SPAN lang=EN-US>dibs</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">则是指味甜的葡萄果汁,熬到果浆般黏稠,有人认为本节的希伯来文是这个意思。但葡萄是农业生活,而非原始游牧民族的产品,所以拿细耳人(民六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)和利甲族人都禁戒不食(耶三十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。再者,也没有证据证明以色列人曾经制造过这种葡萄果浆。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">迦南人</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。接下来的是「战前迦南」流行的标准描述,并非科学化的人种报告。申命记七章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节是典型的名单,该节加上革迦撒人,一共列出了七个民族。由于七是个神圣数字,它可能代表全部的人;创世记十五章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节列出了十个民族,记录得最是齐备。这名单令人联想起埃及的做法,把敌人统称为「九把弓」,即九个不友好国家。然而必须留意的是,迦南这些「国家」有别于以色列十二支派,彼此间并无关系。它们相同之处,可能只是限于某些共有的文化宗教特征。没有证据证明它们像以色列的支派一般,有共同的历史传统。我们甚至没有证据,证明他们住在壁垒分明的区域。很久之后的腓尼基人,依然自称为</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">迦南人</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">;这词的意思可能是「贸易者」。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">赫人</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">大概是北方古赫人帝国迁来的移民,大概没有赫人的血统(参创二十三)。约但河东半定居民族的君王西宏和噩(民二十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),以及犹大山地联盟的五王(书十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)都称为</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">亚摩利人</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。依照字源「亚摩鲁」(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">amurru</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)是「西方人」的意思,原本是定居美索不达米亚的人给西方游牧为生的邻邦所起的名。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">比利洗人</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">可能是「乡村人」,这名大概和英语中的「异教徒」一样,变成了鄙称(如「乡巴佬」)。这名的字尾可能源自户利语(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Hurrian</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,如「基尼洗人」)。某些古卷似乎将</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">希未人</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Hivites</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)和「何利人」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Horites</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)混为一谈。如果两者是同一民族的话,希未人便是保全了五百年前的户利族侵略者,即使不是血统上,也是名称上。埃及人惯常称呼迦南的名字为「呼鲁」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Khuru</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),似乎也是来自这个名称。基遍联盟也称为希未人(书九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">耶布斯人</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">是耶布斯(即耶路撒冷)的原居民(又称为亚摩利人,书十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。除非是因为他们到了戴维之时才被征服之故(撒下五),实在没有什么理由要把他们分别列出。最低限度,耶布斯也不可能是什么独立的民族。以西结也把他们当作是亚摩利人和赫人的混合(结十六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">);就地理环境而言,这是很有可能的。乔舒亚时,他们是亚摩利人南部联盟的成员。大体而言,迦南人居住在西部的平原和山谷;亚摩利人则大约散住在中央山脉和约但河东的北部。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">我要打发你</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,戴维斯指出这是摩西的使徒式任命。神要亲自施行拯救,和祂差遣摩西并没有冲突:神通常都藉</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">甘心顺服的仆人,来成就祂的旨意。新约时代,基督赐给门徒类似的使命之时(约二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),脑海中可能也浮现了这段圣经。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">我是什么人?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">这不是存在主义者的自我诘问,而是不信的表现(参士六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。摩西和他早年在埃及之时相比,已经判若两人了;他学会了怀疑自己,他的怀疑更彻底得连神也激怒了(出四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。对自己不信任是好的,但这种不信任,必须是要导致对神的信靠才行。不然它就变成了属灵的瘫痪,不能、也不愿作出任何行动。摩西和伊莱贾(王上十九)一样,成了「精神崩溃」的案例,完全失去了为神工作的意愿。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">我必与你同在</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。「我必」(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman">~ehyeh</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,「我将」或「我是」)几乎肯定是个双关语,所本的是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节对神名字耶和华的解释。惟一稍能表达其中含义的译法是「我,神,必与你同在」。神提出两点论证,来反驳摩西因自己不足而发的异议。首先祂应许与他同在;接</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">又给他证据,证明祂的同在。摩西至此已经无权继续反对,他不再没有自恃的心(这是好的),而是缺乏信心了(这是罪)。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">这就是我打发你去的记号</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。尽管有人提出不少复杂的解释,译作「证据」似乎是最好、最简单的做法。昔日为奴而得自由的国度,终有一日要在这西乃山敬拜神。所谓「饭菜好不好,要到吃时才知道」,惟有摩西成功完成任务,才能证明神的的确确是差遣了他、与他同去了,这种记号永远得跟在信心之后。所以摩西此际必须要凭</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">信心进行,如此处理神迹是圣经一贯的作法。西乃立约和颁布律法等伟大事件(出十九以下),是这记号的应验。单是这个应许,便足以解释摩西为什么在法老面前,坚持以色列必须到旷野向耶和华守节(出五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),因为惟有这样,应许才得以实现。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">{\Section:TopicID=139}</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">13</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">22.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 神宣告圣名</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">祂叫什么名字?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">部分学者强调,本节用的是</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>ma^h</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">「什么?」,而不是惯常的</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>mi^</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">「谁?」。他们指出诘问的重点是神的本性,不是祂的称号。我们不当以为以色列人不知道神有什么称号,因为祂是他们列祖所敬奉,他们自己在埃及时必然也敬拜的神(但也请参看书二十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,乔舒亚的率直话)。本节的</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">神</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">字没错是复数,可以译作「你们祖宗的诸神」;但「祂名字」中的单数所有格字尾,却证明了所指的神只有一位。六章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节证明了以色列人也清楚知道,列祖用「伊勒沙代」(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">El-Shaddai</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,和合本作「全能的神」;参照民一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">的人名「亚米沙代」,</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ammi-shaddai</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)等名号来称呼神。因此以色列人的问题并非出于无知,也不是用来考验摩西是否熟悉本族传统的伎俩。问摩西「神用什么新名字向你显现?」就等于是问他「你从神领受了什么新启示?」族长时代,对列祖的神有什么新启示,通常都会以一个新称号作为概述(创十六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。这名字到了将来,便能成为更深认识神拯救作为的记录和叙述。所以我们可以假定,他们问这问题想要得到的答案,是列祖之神的新称号。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">我是我所是</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman">~ehyeh ~@s%er ~ehyeh</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,英文直译原文为</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>I am who I am</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,和合本作「我是自有永有的」)这句简洁有力的话,显然是暗指耶和华(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">YHWH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)之名。「雅巍」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Yahweh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,即耶和华)大概是这几个字的略语,将全句话浓缩为一个字。这句话肯定包括了所需的元音,子音也十分相像。实际上,本节下半部也将</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>~ehyeh</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(「我是」或「我将」)用作神的名字的一个形式。但几乎可以肯定的是,本节是以闪族语言半谐音的双关语来解释名字的意义,名字本身不在本节,要到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节才出现。譬如旧约就从来没有一个名字包含了</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>~Ehyeh</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。戴维斯正确地指出,全本旧约只有本段为「耶和华」之名提供了解释,所以我们必须认真处理这名字和「存在」的关系,因为这正是本段的要点。另一方面,挪士也正确地提出,本节所指的不是哲学上「纯粹的存在」,而是在启示中「动态的存在」。但承认了这名基本上和「存在」有关,仍是要找出其确切的意义。最简单的理解是神存在,而偶像则「不存在」;这解释是否合乎原意?海厄特循这思路,认为这话也可译作「我是存在的那位」(英:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I am He who is</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">);他又相信何西阿书一章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节可能也是(从负面)暗指这意思。这句话究竟有没有「我是无可比拟,人眼不能测度的」(出三十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)的意思呢?这解释虽然对,却算不上是进一步的启示。它的意思又会不会是「必须藉我将来启示的言行,才能了解我」呢?这解释似乎最合圣经模式,因为以色列史从今以后,都认定神是将以色列带离埃及的那位(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。因此,这名字的启示不独是深奥的神学真理,更是要摩西和以色列作出信心响应的呼召。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">耶和华</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,神的正式名字耶和华在本节出现,这名的希伯来原文是</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>YHWH</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,英文圣经通常用大写写作</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>the Lord</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">「主」。后世的虔诚犹太人恐怕因妄称耶和华的名而受罚(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),不愿说出神的名字;于是便取</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>~@d[o{na{y</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(「亚多乃」,意即「我主」)的元音,配合</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>YHWH </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">的子音,读出</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>Jehovah</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">「耶和华」这个混合字</SPAN><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">9</SPAN></SUP><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。本注释英文原著照例略去元音,用大写写出神的名字</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>YHWH</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">;读者可随意读作「主」、「耶和华」,或「雅巍」。要明白耶和华一名对犹太人的意义,最好或者是从他们的救恩史逐步展露之中,观察这名的意义。正如对基督徒来说,耶稣一名变成了神一切恩待的「略语」,耶和华对于他们,至终也是这个意思。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">长老</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,这里提到以色列中,闪族农村社会的一个制度。因</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">叶忒罗的建议(出十八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),「长老」后来亦成为以色列司法制度的重要部分。当时的米甸部落,无疑都已由长老统治。民数记十一章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节以下记载以色列中的长老分受圣灵的恩赐。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">我实在视察了你们</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">AV</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RV</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">视察</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">的意思其实是</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">观察</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RSV</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),是有行动随之而来的「注意」(和合本作「眷顾」)。德莱维的译法是「显出实际的关心」。圣经经常用这字眼,来形容神对自己子民的拯救作为。参看创世记二十一章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节;在路加福音一章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">68</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节中,希伯来文的用法影响了希腊文的意思。英文的「视察」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">visit</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)很容易引起误解,以为神巡视一回便走了;原文并没有这意思。同样的字根,也和五章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节之以色列官长有关。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">希伯来人的神</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。耶和华一名对法老没有什么意义,但「希伯来人的众神」他就能够明白了(他会把尊称君主的复数解作不只一个神)。实际上,这种用辞在当时的条约中也找得到,对象当然不是以色列,而是包括更广的范围,如北方的哈皮鲁团体。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">遇见了我们</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。笔者的看法若是对的话,这句话几乎是表示一个冲突。法老惯见喜怒无常的埃及神祇,可能会这样理解;而摩西为要表达这祭祀的必须性,或许也乐于他有这种想法。但另一方面,这句话可能不过是说这次会面,是突然而出乎意外的(参出一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">「若遇什么争战的事」)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">往旷野去走三天的路程</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。这话有三个可能的解释:其一,从歌珊直通西乃,可能算为三日行程;其二,摩西可能要运用诈术来逃离埃及;其三,「三天」可能代表长度不定的一段时间。除非我们和部分的学者一样,将位于歌珊和加低斯之间的直线上,书珥路上的哈拉尔山(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman">G%ebel Halal</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)当作是西乃山</SPAN><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">10</SPAN></SUP><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,否则,第一个选择是没有可能的。即使这真的就是西乃山,也只有没负载的成年人,才能在三日之内完成旅程。第三个选择的可能性也颇高:「昨天和前天」是希伯来文表达「从前」的惯用语(出五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,和合本作「照常」)。惟有第二个选择构成伦理上的难题:摩西究竟有没有打算回头的意思?亚伯拉罕、雅各布(创十二,二十七)以及很多圣经人物,都曾为了达到目的而说谎。他们不但从来没有得到称赞,在这两个人物身上,圣经更清楚说明欺骗所结的果实是苦难。然而,我们也不必假定摩西确实采取了欺诈的手段。没错,他是不太可能有回头的意思,不然他也不会坚持妇孺和一切牲口都要和男丁同行了(出十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。法老激烈的响应证实了他也不信他们有回来的打算。整个过程和亚伯拉罕与赫人以弗仑的对话一样(创二十三),其实是个近东式讨价还价的复杂案例。摩西说话虽然客气,却一开始就表明了全面自由的要求。法老逐步提高索求:在埃及祭祀(出八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)、不要走得很远(出八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">28</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)、只许壮丁离开(出十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)、人可以去但牲畜要留下(出十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。将这种讨价还价视为伦理问题,或将之当作道德标准,皆是对近东习俗的误解。本段和雅各布与拉班的事迹(创三十),都同为精采的民间故事。我们虽然难免要从伦理的角度加以评论,原来的叙述者会否这样做,却很值得怀疑,故事的宗旨也不在此。部分学者认为摩西故意降低要求,使法老易于批准,他若是顽梗得连这样的请求都要拒绝,原本的要求就更没希望了,而法老的心硬也变得无可推诿了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">祭祀</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。戴维斯等人强调摩西在此宣告一个要到圣地朝圣的节期(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman">h]ag{</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。但本节所用的希伯来动词</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>za{b </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">是指普通的牺牲,和地点没有必然的关系。所指的相信是西乃山立约的献祭(出二十四)。这件事为三章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节提供了解释,「事奉」相信是有献祭的含义的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 除非被迫,这是</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>RSV </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">照七十士译本的读法,这读法以</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>~imlo{~</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">「若非」取代马索拉经文的</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>w#lo{~</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">「也不」。然而若把经文解作是指法老的顽梗:「甚至被重重击打也不容许」,原来的译法也不是不能接受的(和合本持此看法,译作「虽用大能的手……也不容」)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">奇事</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。单从字源学的角度看,希伯来语的</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>nip{la{~o^t[ </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">恐怕是最接近「神迹」的字眼了,然而两者的含义却有相当大的距离。我们心目中的「神迹」,是自然法则受到超越、搁置、逆转。希伯来人则视之为是:创造控制自然法则的神,奇妙地运用这些法则。所以希伯来人在一定程度之下,并没有「自然」、「超自然」之分,因为一切都是神的工作。本节所说的一系列奇事是埃及的十灾,其它例子则包括了渡过红海、以及在旷野的供给和带领。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">把埃及人的财物夺去了</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。埃及人的饰物当然不是「借」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">AV</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),而是「要」(或「问」)来的;我们不必在道德上愤慨不平。陶庇基于本段以及其它经节,认为整个出埃及故事的叙述方式,合乎申命记十五章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节释放希伯来奴隶的手续。奴隶不可「空手而去」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节),反要因多年为奴而得到补偿。同样,以色列在埃及受苦,必定需要赔偿;基督胜过死亡,也同样厚赐得自由的子民(弗四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。其中的因果关系不容易断定;可能是希伯来奴隶得释放影响了这里的文字,也有可能是以色列得拯救的基本经验,影响她后来如何设立关乎奴隶的律法。只要不进一步宣称,释放奴隶的手续创造了出埃及故事的内容,第一个看法是没有什么值得挑剔之处的。──《丁道尔圣经注释》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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