丁道尔圣经注释:出埃及记第一章
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 9.0pt 27.0pt 45.0pt 63.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU"></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">{\Section:TopicID=126}</FONT></SPAN><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅰ 居于埃及地(一~十一)</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">{\Section:TopicID=127}</FONT></SPAN><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">A 摩西之前的以色列(一</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">22</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">{\Section:TopicID=128}</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">7.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 背景</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">而这是……的名字</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(和合本作「他们的名字记在下面」)。在希伯来文中,本书头一个字是「而」(英:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">and</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),明证出埃及记不过是创世记故事的延续,和对列祖应许的成就,而不是另一本新书。但本节也是最宜作出分割的地方,这是五经最后一次以「以色列的众子」之名,来形容雅各布的直系亲属。今后这名号便成为父系的集合称谓,形容神的全部子民,彷佛阿拉伯人的部族称号。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 十二位族祖的名字洪亮而有节奏,就如新约十二使徒的名单。神的新工作即将开始。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">七十</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,可能是个概略整数,又可能是个有神圣象征的数字。但只要从总数之中扣除雅各布的女儿底拿,也能准确得到这数目。希腊文译本在创世记四十六章加上以法莲和玛拿西的五个儿子,构成使徒行传七章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节所说的「七十五个人」</SPAN><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4</SPAN></SUP><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。但本节的神学重点,却是对比进入埃及的寥寥几人,和出埃及时的庞大数目。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 希伯来原文故意重复创世记一章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节所用的三个动词,这三个动词或可译作「多结果子……云集……变得众多」(</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration">pa{ra^</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">, </SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration">s%a{ras]</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"> ra{b[a^ </SPAN></I></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">和合本作「生养、众多、繁茂」)。本节将这种增长,诠释为神对被造之物所应许的祝福。从约瑟去世至今,已经渡过了相当的年日。时间最短的估计,摩西是第四代的利未人(民二十六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">58</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),而更有可能,他是生于数百年后(出十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">40</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">满了那地</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,可能是指歌珊地(大概是从尼罗河延伸到今日苏伊士运河河道的图米拉特河,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Wadi Tumilat</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),亦有可能是自然的夸饰,指埃及全地。后者在统计学上虽然并不正确,却生动地表达了埃及本土人的感受。在某些地区,那些不受欢迎的侨民人数可能比他们还多。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">{\Section:TopicID=129}</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">14.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 法老的劳工营</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">新王</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,不必指下一任的法老。如果以色列在埃及居住的年日,实际上是有几世纪之久的话(出十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">40</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),这可能是个新的朝代。埃及第十七王朝由(外来属于闪族的)许克所斯人(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Hyksos</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)统治,第十八王朝(主前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1570</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1310</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)则由埃及本土人组成,一得势便驱逐了外族的统治者。基于独立的理由,今日学者大多认为出埃及在第十九王朝初期发生(主前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1310</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1200</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),即主前十三世纪。无论是哪个朝代,这都是通俗民间历史的简单措辞所表达的是真相,并不关心准确的日期。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 强逼劳工是古代世界的通则,高度集权的埃及也不例外。没有了强逼劳工,金字塔和尼罗河运河就都没可能完成。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">督工</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">是个专门名词,形容可恨的埃及官员;下级的以色列官长是他们的手下(出五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。「督工」(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman">s*a{re^ missi^m</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)的「工」字(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">mas</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,复数</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>missi^m</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),在以色列也是「强逼劳工」的专门名词(通常是指迦南人,换言之受劳役的是外族人,参王上九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">;和合本通常译「服苦」)。这种人何等可恨,从亚多兰被石头打死便可见一斑(王上十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">比东和兰塞</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。跃然纸上,是鉴定日期的宝贵数据,这两城使人联想兰塞二世(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ramesses II</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,主前约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1290</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1225</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">年),更可能和他在亚洲的战役有关。比东大抵是位于图米拉特河的雷塔贝废丘(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Tell er-Retabe</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,即「罗腾冈」;和合本的罗腾树,即金雀花),兰塞则可能是今日在尼罗河三角洲东支的坎蒂尔(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Qanti^r</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,意即「桥」)。但这两个城市的确实地点至今仍然未有定论。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">他们越发多起来,越发蔓延。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">试图用这些方法控制神子民的增长是枉然的。本节再次用两个创世记所用的动词(创一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,三十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),来形容他们成功的繁衍。然而他们所过的,是沉闷没有止境的苦工生涯(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节)。这民族健壮如牛,在生理上优胜,更惹娇养之埃及人的「嫌恶」(参</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>NEB</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。其它学者则参照创世记二十七章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">46</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节,认为「烦得要死」的译法较为准确。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">{\Section:TopicID=130}</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">15</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">22.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 法老的第二条策略:种族灭绝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">希伯来的收生婆</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,「希伯来」一词在旧约早期似乎涵义广泛,它是个文化而非种族的词汇,这词在外人口中通常用来称呼半定居的西闪族人(如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节便是)。这词在法老的口中,用得很恰当。出埃及记五章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节对埃及法老形容以色列的神,用起来也很正当。法典中「希伯来奴仆」的范围,远比「以色列奴仆」为广(二十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。这个字可能和今日「吉普赛」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">gipsy</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)的鄙称一样,包括了流浪汉和牲口贸易商的含义。埃及文献中无特殊技能的「阿皮鲁」工人(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration"><FONT face="Times New Roman">`Apiru</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),或亚马拿废丘版片(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Tell el-Amarna tablets</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)中的「哈比鲁人」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Habiru</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),可能也是指这文化阶层的人(两者的中译一般都作「哈皮鲁」)</SPAN><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">5</SPAN></SUP><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">施弗拉</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">和</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">普阿</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,都是正当的闪族语系名字,形式较古(参较士七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">基甸的仆人普拉),意思大概分别是「美貌」以及「华丽」。施弗拉一名又可参较撒非喇(徒五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。与比东和兰塞的名字一样,记述这些细节能够保证我们所面对的,是可靠的历史传统。但收生婆为什么只有两位呢?可能只有她们两个收生婆,可能只有她们不顺从法老,又可能只有这两人名字被记念。然而第一个看法,却显示以色列顶多只有几千人。最合理的也许是第三个看法,因为它和民间野史以及闪族语文至为符合。在希伯来语中,「收生婆」有「后来环境使之成名之人」的意思(参出二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">临盆</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,直译作「两块石头」。以色列妇女生产之时,蹲在这两块石头上面。其它闪族文化也有类似的做法。另一个可能性较低的看法,认为这是指男孩独有的器官;只有这些婴孩才须被杀。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">本是健壮的,收生婆还没有到,他们已经生产了。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">圣经没有说收生婆说谎,还是「希伯来」婴孩迅速落地真的有生理上的根据。德莱维引用了一些阿拉伯人相同的例证,但拉结的生产也确有困难(创三十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。即使她们真是说谎了,神也不是称许她们欺骗,而是赞赏她们拒绝夺取婴儿的性命,因为这是神的赏赐。她们对生命的尊重,来自对赐生命之神的尊敬(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。她们亦因此得到家室作为赏赐。我们应当细想本段经文和现代有关堕胎的争议,两者之间的关系。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22.</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU"> 在此译作</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">河</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">AV</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RV</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、和合本)的希伯来字,是个外来语。这字源自埃及语,所指的是至重要的河,亦即是尼罗河(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RSV</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">NEB</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、现代本。其它可能也是来自埃及语的词汇包括了「芦荻」、「青蛙」;此外又有无数埃及语的人名,利未支派尤然)。藉水淹来处死,在埃及和巴比伦等国家是理所当然的方法;正如在到处是石头的以色列,则用石头作处决的工具(书七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。我们不晓得以色列人大体来说,究竟有没有遵行法老的命令,然而摩西的父母,却敢冒险触怒法老(来十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">23</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。法老大概打算将</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">一切的女孩</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">都成为侍妾,不消一代便被吸收成为埃及人的一部分。这种企图灭绝神子民的妄行,在新约也可以找得到,希律就杀尽了伯利恒城一带的婴孩(太二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。但和新约一样,神保护了祂所拣选的器皿;不论是法老还是希律,皆无法拦阻神的计划。犹太解经家从法老的行为和希特勒等人的灭族屠杀中,看到了其中的共同点。基督徒解经家则从教会历代以来所遭受的苦难和逼迫中,找到雷同之处。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SUP></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">4</SPAN></SUP><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SUP><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">在昆兰(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Qumran</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)发现的希伯来文死海古卷中,一卷也有「七十五」字样。详情请看柯劳斯,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">137</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">页。</SPAN><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SUP></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">5</SPAN></SUP><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SUP><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">要进一步研究讨论这些群体之间关系的专门文献,请参看海厄特。──《丁道尔圣经注释》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 9.0pt 27.0pt 45.0pt 63.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU"><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
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