admin 发表于 2020-6-18 00:41:46

正统的新声——评切斯特顿《回到正统》/张欣


<div class="articalTitle" style="clear: both; line-height: 20px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(107, 131, 102); ">&nbsp;<span class="time SG_txtc" style="color: rgb(99, 113, 96); white-space: nowrap; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 13px; ">(2011-06-24 16:11:45)</span><div class="turnBoxzz" style="float: right; "><a href="" class="SG_aBtn SG_aBtn_ico SG_turn" action-type="reblog" action-data="{srcBlog:1, blogId:'62a5c4650100tv8p'}" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); cursor: pointer; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; white-space: nowrap; margin-right: 6px; background-image: url(http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7newtpl/image/5/5_20/images/sg_newsp.png); position: relative; letter-spacing: 5px; width: 86px; zoom: 1; display: inline-block; background-position: 0px 0px; 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position: absolute; left: 11px; top: 4px; background-position: 495px -60px; ">转载<em class="arrow" style="font-style: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7px; position: absolute; right: 5px; top: 2px; ">▼</em></cite></a></div></div><div class="articalTag" id="sina_keyword_ad_area" style="width: 690px; clear: both; word-break: break-all; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); font-family: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(107, 131, 102); "><table style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><tbody><tr><td class="blog_tag" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: top; "><span class="SG_txtb" style="color: rgb(99, 113, 96); ">标签:</span>&nbsp;<h3 style="margin-right: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; display: inline; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://uni.sina.com.cn/c.php?t=blog&amp;k=%C7%D0%CB%B9%CC%D8%B6%D9&amp;ts=bpost&amp;stype=tag" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(79, 114, 0); white-space: nowrap; ">切斯特顿</a></h3>&nbsp;<h3 style="margin-right: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; display: inline; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://uni.sina.com.cn/c.php?t=blog&amp;k=%BB%D8%B5%BD%D5%FD%CD%B3&amp;ts=bpost&amp;stype=tag" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); white-space: nowrap; ">回到正统</a></h3>&nbsp;<h3 style="margin-right: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; display: inline; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://uni.sina.com.cn/c.php?t=blog&amp;k=%D2%EC%BD%CC%CD%BD&amp;ts=bpost&amp;stype=tag" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); white-space: nowrap; ">异教徒</a></h3>&nbsp;<h3 style="margin-right: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; display: inline; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://uni.sina.com.cn/c.php?t=blog&amp;k=%BB%A4%BD%CC&amp;ts=bpost&amp;stype=tag" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); white-space: nowrap; ">护教</a></h3>&nbsp;<h3 style="margin-right: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; display: inline; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://uni.sina.com.cn/c.php?t=blog&amp;k=%D5%FD%CD%B3&amp;ts=bpost&amp;stype=tag" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); white-space: nowrap; ">正统</a></h3>&nbsp;<h3 style="margin-right: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; display: inline; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://uni.sina.com.cn/c.php?t=blog&amp;k=%CA%B9%CD%BD%D0%C5%BE%AD&amp;ts=bpost&amp;stype=tag" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); white-space: nowrap; ">使徒信经</a></h3>&nbsp;<h3 style="margin-right: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; display: inline; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://uni.sina.com.cn/c.php?t=blog&amp;k=%BB%F9%B6%BD%BD%CC&amp;ts=bpost&amp;stype=tag" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); white-space: nowrap; ">基督教</a></h3>&nbsp;<h3 style="margin-right: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; display: inline; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://uni.sina.com.cn/c.php?t=blog&amp;k=%D4%D3%CC%B8&amp;ts=bpost&amp;stype=tag" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); white-space: nowrap; ">杂谈</a></h3></td><td class="blog_class" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; vertical-align: top; width: 220px; white-space: nowrap; "><span class="SG_txtb" style="color: rgb(99, 113, 96); ">分类:</span>&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/articlelist_1655030885_2_1.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); ">经典咀华</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div id="sina_keyword_ad_area2" class="articalContent" style="width: 690px; clear: both; padding-top: 18px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; padding-bottom: 30px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; font-family: simsun; color: rgb(50, 62, 50); background-color: rgb(107, 131, 102); "><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">对于大多数中国读者来说,切斯特顿恐怕是个有些相当陌生的名字。笔者读过有一个萧伯纳的小故事?萧伯纳个高体瘦,一位论敌讽刺他说:“看到你就知道非洲在闹饥荒。”萧伯纳答道:“看到你就知道非洲闹饥荒的原因。”这位我们记不清楚名字的论敌就是</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">G. K.</span>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">切斯特顿(</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">1874-1936</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">),身高</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">6</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">英尺,体重</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">300</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">磅(约</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">1.8</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">米,</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">136</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">公斤),关于他的体重还有许多别的小轶事。喜欢侦探小说的人大概会知道《布朗神父探案集》,这位天真、睿智的胖神父也出自切斯特顿之手。除此之外,多数人对切斯特顿的了解只怕少而又少。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">但正是这位切斯特顿的小说《名叫星期四的人》启发迈克·科林斯领导爱尔兰独立的运动;他的一篇专栏文章激发圣雄甘地引导印度人反对英国殖民统治的运动;</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">他的耶稣传记《永恒的人》影响</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">C. S.</span>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">路易斯归信了基督教;</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">他没受过大学教育,关于查尔斯·狄更斯的评论却被</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">T. S.</span>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">艾略特、萧伯纳等人认为是对这位作家的最佳著作;他晚年客串了一把托马斯·阿奎那的传记,倾其一生研究阿奎那的学者认为这部传记直击这位伟大神学家的思想核心,并且说:“切斯特顿是人类历史上最深刻的思想家之一;他深刻,因为他正确……”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">历史上真实的切斯特顿不是衬托萧伯纳的丑角,而是以</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">4000</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">篇报刊文章、</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">200</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">个短篇故事、</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">部小说,优秀的文学评论、传记等屹立于</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">20</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">世纪上半叶的英国最伟大的新闻工作者,用我们今天学界的话说,一位具有思想个性、广泛影响力,承载道义的不折不扣的公共知识分子。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">或许读者会奇怪,他如果真的这么重要、伟大,为什么此前只有“布朗神父”为国人所知?</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">因为切斯特顿同时还是一个令人尴尬的存在,他是一个尽其一生为基督教摇旗呐喊的信徒。他竟然在理性的时代公开宣称大多数当代思想其实并不理性,真正理性的是基督教。他不仅为耶稣和圣徒辩护,甚至为历史上的基督教辩护,认为它是唯一整全、健康、理性、能够作为道德根基的思想体系。基督教的印记标识了他的大多数创作,完全可以将他最主要的作品(包括小说在内)全都看成护教之作。人们下意识地遗忘他,因为他批评唯物主义、科学决定论、相对主义、无神论和不可知论,以及其他流行于学术殿堂上百年的哲学。他的辩论有时被认为流于简单鄙俗,因为他撰写报刊文章和小说,以普通人对写作对象,摈弃思想严谨与严肃的外观;但也有人认为,人们忽略切斯特顿,是因为与他争论意味着输……</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">所以,事实上,不仅在中国,甚至是西方,人们也在重新发现这位深受他同时代人爱戴的作家,正如他最著名的宿敌萧伯纳的话,“世人对切斯特顿的感激还不够。”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">《回到正统》(原文名</span><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">Oxthodoxy</span></i><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">,即正统)作于</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">1908</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年,与《异教徒》(原文名</span><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">Heretics</span></i><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">,</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">1905</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">)为姐妹篇。切斯特顿在《异教徒》中批评了一系列当时著名的文人作家,其中一位回击道:“若切斯特顿先生也提出自己的哲学,我或会替自己的哲学担忧。”切斯特顿正中下怀:“对一个太乐于写书来回应最轻微挑衅的人作出这样的提议,似乎有点儿轻率。”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">于是有了他的代表作以及</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">20</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">世纪的基督教护教经典《回到正统》。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">《异教徒》批评时代之声,《回到正统》剖白心路历程。切斯特顿在书中回顾了他如何“试过建立自己的一套异端邪说,却在最后修订的阶段,发现那原来就是正统信仰”的浪漫故事。</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">这本书的主线是通过展现切斯特顿在思想上回归基督教的过程,论证“基督教神学的核心思想,正是活力和正统伦理的最佳基础”。</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">所谓“正统”,他解释道,即基督教神学思想,其纲要充分见于《使徒信经》。《回到正统》不仅展示了一位思想家健全的智慧和缜密的思考过程,而且以一种前所未有的方式为基督教作出辩护,切斯特顿没有条分缕析地证明《使徒信经》中的每句话如何是真理,而是带着一颗异教徒的心巡回了各种近代思想对基督教的攻讦,最后却得出了截然相反的结论。他的辩护使正统在一个理性主义与怀疑论盛行的时代发出了新的声音。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">有人说基督教是黑暗时代的产物。切斯特顿却认为,“教会正是唯一把我们带离黑暗时代的力量。”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">基督教的世界观阴暗、不近人情。切斯特顿说,“历史上从来没有,也永远不会有不狂欢的基督教。”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">基督教若卸除教条的盔甲,剩下的只是贵格会的“灵光”。切斯特顿回答,“做基督徒唯一的乐趣,就是不用留下了和灵光在一起,而是能确认有外在的光;外在的光晴朗如太阳、澄澈如月亮、威武如旗帜飞扬的军队。”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">正统信仰是沉重、单调而不会出错的事物。切斯特顿:正统信仰具有“令人震撼的浪漫”,神学中小小的论点失之毫厘“就可能粉碎全欧洲最精雕细琢的雕像”,“可能会叫一切舞蹈停止,叫一切圣诞树凋萎,叫一切复活蛋被捣碎。”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">如果基督徒真的相信有天堂,就应该立刻自杀。切斯特顿叹道,人们真的不了解基督教。不知道教义是完整的体系,不能偏执一端,更不理解基督徒不是悲观的厌世者,反而更深地体会生命的欢愉。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">切斯特顿最后的结论是:“也许,最终是基督教正常,而一切批评基督教的人神经病;虽然发病的方式不尽相同。”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">这些关于基督教的颠倒“常识”的观点如何得出?在理性时代为基督教作辩护,切斯特顿打出的牌不是启示,恰恰是常识,这也是他谋求和读者认同的出发点。他说:</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“我不打算证明的,是一种我提议该视之为自己和一般读者有共同基础的东西,那就是一种对积极和富想象力的生命的渴求,亦即是一种如画般优美,如诗般充满好奇的生命……要是有人说灭亡胜于存在……他就不是我所指的普通人。”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">这就是切斯特顿的立足之处,普通人的常识。他捍卫普通人对生命诗意和浪漫的渴求,捍卫正面、积极的人生观,即人生应当有意义、有价值,而且有惊喜,有希望。这种人生观具有普世性,千百万年来人们正是怀着这种人生态度繁衍生息。因此,切斯特顿重视家庭,重视两性的分工与联合,捍卫英国传统,捍卫民主,捍卫伦理以及要达到伦理必须首先具有整全的世界图景。也因此,他认为大多数当代思想往往是萎缩的常识与无止境的理性的结合体。如他在《回到正统》的第二章“疯子”中对唯物论的批评:</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">&nbsp;<wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“麦凯布先生认为我是个奴隶,因为我的信仰不允许我相信决定论。我认为麦凯布先生是个奴隶,因为他的信仰不容许他相信仙子。把两种禁制细加比较,不难发现麦凯布先生的远较我的具有禁制性。在极多情况下,基督徒尽可自由地相信宇宙是具有安稳的秩序并按着必然的规律发展。相反地,对唯物论者来说,宇宙这部完美无缺的机器绝不能容许丁点儿神迹或唯心论的瑕疵。就是那个或藏身于海绿花丛中极微小的魔鬼,可怜的麦凯布先生也不能承认其存在。”</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“基督徒承认宇宙是多种多样,甚至是包罗万象,正如神智正常的人晓得自己是复杂的一样。心智健全的人知道自己带着少许野兽的性情、少许魔鬼的邪恶、少许圣人的情操、少许凡人的俗气。不仅如此,健全的人知道自己带着少许疯子的气味。相反地,唯物论者的世界颇为简单、牢固,正如疯子颇为确定自己是健全的一样。唯物论者肯定历史只是简单的因果锁链,正如前文所述那个有趣的人肯定自己只不过是简单的一只鸡。唯物论者和疯子从不感到疑惑。”<a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">&nbsp;<wbr></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">这是切斯特顿的典型行文风格。他喜好采用看似悖谬的论点撼动人们习以为常的观念。人们往往认为基督徒不自由,因为基督徒的思想必须服从上帝的意志及其教义为他圈定的边界,在行为上又必须服从各种清规戒律。可是切斯特顿却通俗、幽默地指出,相对于唯物论,基督教信仰并不见得受到更大束缚,至少基督徒的宇宙允许神秘或超自然事物的存在,承认人的复杂性和有限性(在知识上也在能力上)——这是人们的常识。相反,唯物论却假设已经洞悉宇宙的根本奥秘。究竟谁更狭隘?恐怕切斯特顿挑战读者要再想一想。而对自由等同于解除一切束缚的说法,切斯特顿是不屑一顾的,他认真思考如何防止受欢迎的制度以惊人的速度沦为压迫人的制度,认为我们只能带着“最大的束缚”“抵达乌托邦”。</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">在常识的光照下,许多流行的新思想不攻自破,不论他们多么高深莫测、别具一格,一旦它们脱离了常识的轨道(就如他在第三章“思想自尽”批评的怀疑论、“进步论”、实用主义和唯意志论等),在过分逻辑的思路和不切实际的结论中奇异地放弃或偏离了对人性的基本认识,就会被切斯特顿拆得现出原形。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">1905</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年,著名的《伦敦新闻画报》邀请切斯特顿撰写专栏,内容除了宗教和政治,什么都可以写;可是切斯特顿却回答说,除此以外没什么值得一写。他在接下来三十年中每周在这个专栏中发表一篇有关宗教和政治的文章。他指出了这个奇怪的现象:“宗教自由原本设想每个人都能自由地讨论宗教。实际上却变成了几乎不允许任何人讨论它。”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">西方社会现代化的进程伴随着世俗化的进程,宗教一步步退出了公众生活领域,政治学、社会学、历史、教育学、心理学……关于人的各种阐释和理论的建立往往以脱离宗教前提为起点,并逐步形成了自成体系的术语、问题和思路,尝试以非宗教的视角着手处理人类的各种事务和问题。于是宗教越来越退隐成为个体的选择,而最终成为一种可有可无的选择。</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">1908</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年,西方理性主义思潮的危机尚未充分暴露。切斯特顿先知般地捕捉到了这个时代表面上的繁华昌盛背后潜藏的问题——唯理论包裹之下的非理性;急于抛弃传统;以及各种流行思潮已经导致的伦理危机。一切似乎都打着进步的旗帜试图向前跃进,切斯特顿却说,当前面的人到了悬崖边的时候,只有后面的人才会继续喊叫“进步”。根本不知道目的地,何来“进步”。现代社会抛弃了完整的和最终的世界图景,企图通过改良社会中的一个小碎片来“改进”人类的生活;搁置了最终也是最重要的世界观问题,对之采取一种怀疑主义、不可知论、乃至唯物主义的态度,切斯特顿认为,这不仅是放弃了哲学的核心问题,推卸了思考的责任,而且是严重的自欺,不过表现了当代人思考力的孱弱和实践上的怯懦。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">切斯特顿在第四章“仙域的伦理”中更细致地陈明了他的常识观。“所谓仙境,其实只是普通常识这个阳光普照的国度。”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">我们可能已经发觉,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">切斯特顿的“常识”(</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">common sense</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">),不等同于我们说的常识。我们的常识可能是:麦当劳卖汉堡可乐,银行卡从提款机上取钱,是生活中常用常见的知识。切斯特顿的“常识”却是伦理和世界观层面的,比如好好生活、爱护家庭、忠于祖国,持平等、正义的观念,承认爱与饶恕是必要和美好的。所谓“仙域伦理”指的是童话蕴含并教导人们这些基本观念。所以,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">童话故事讨论疯狂的世界中正常人做的事。今天那些严肃的现实小说讨论枯燥的世界中疯子做的事</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">。”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">切斯特顿肯定了童话严肃的教育作用:</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">“自从我把童话故事遗留在幼儿园的地板上,我再也没有碰上更合乎情理的书了,自从我离开传统和民主的保姆后,我再也没有遇上比这两者更健全而激进或健全而保守的现代理念了。”<a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">显然,切斯特顿所谓的“常识”更多是西方传统中的德性观念和生活态度,与东方文化中同一层面上的“常识”难免有别。但在全球化的时代,我们显然已经越来越熟悉甚至在一定程度上接受了这些“常识”。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">与常识——仙域的伦理——一同保留的还有对整个世界的诗意感触:“</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; ">无论昨日或今日,我同样感到生命像钻石般闪烁夺目,又像窗玻璃般易碎易坏,……不过,有一点必须记住,容易打碎不等于容易毁灭。玻璃受到撞击,就是一秒也抵受不住,但只要不迎头碰撞,千年也不会消亡。在仙境或在尘世,这似乎就是人类的喜乐所在</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">”。在这里,</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">切斯特顿遥遥回应了柯尔律治的英国基督教浪漫主义传统,他指出这种对世间造物的欣悦与敬畏之情并不是纯粹想象力的造物,却是人类的本能。自近代人从“存在的链条”中解下,人们普遍感受到机械宇宙的冷漠与荒诞,但却鲜有人能像切斯特顿,站在如此坚实的立场上,毅然决然地</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">恢复诗意的宇宙观。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">经历浩劫不断的</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">20</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">世纪,如今西方学界已经远较</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">100</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年前清醒地认识到唯理主义的各种弊端,但切斯特顿的远见却不止于此。他不仅指出疾病,而且开出了自己的药方。尽管直到今天,基督教这剂药仍然不受欢迎,但是他的关注与洞见却与当代的伦理学转向遥相呼应。比如,</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">1981</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年,当代西方最重要的伦理学家之一麦金太尔出版了《追寻美德》,描述了当代人生活在各种伦理图景的碎片之中,指出启蒙运动以来力图确定一种任何个体都能认同的美德阐释系统,但这种努力所诉诸的理性概念却不够充分。</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">1988</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年,他出版《谁之正义?谁之合理性》,承认了个别的美德只有在系统的图景中才是可能的。在</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">1990</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年的《三种对立的道德探究观》中,麦金太尔考察了欧洲历史上三种重要的道德探究模式:百科全书派、谱系学以及传统。在他看来,百科全书派和谱系学的道路必然失败,但是,它们的主张能够从基督教的(准确地说是天主教的)托马斯主义中获得最充分的理解和评价。切斯特顿与麦金太尔,</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">20</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">世纪初的新闻工作者与</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">20</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">世纪末的学界泰斗,用截然相反的语言体系表达了类似的思考路径。读毕《回到正统》,我们几乎可以肯定地说,即使麦金太尔也没能穷尽切斯特顿的智慧,他的鲜活生命力不是因为他绝妙的笔触,而是因为他不同寻常的坚实基础……</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">今天我们常听闻《浮士德》中靡非斯特的论调:“我是经常否定的精神!”“永恒的造化何补于我们?不过是把创造之物又向虚无投进。……我所爱的却是永恒的空虚。”</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">与</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">100</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年前的英国一样,今天盛行怀疑主义、不可知论和肤浅的唯物论。我们同样厌倦了各种打着“真理”之名的“宏大叙事”,渴望寻求个体和自我的发展空间,结果是我们同样倾向拒绝任何“真理”的存在,轻视理想主义,不愿寻求完整的精神图景,自愿在各种传统和思想的碎片中追寻此世的福祉。在采用功利主义的算计为人类谋求幸福时,我们试图否认人只有超越功利主义才能真正快乐的常识。我们尝试在实践中超越形而上学,但离开了形而上学连人的定义都会出现问题。</span><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">切斯特顿一语中的,现代人抛弃了人类赖以为生的常识,夸夸其谈,提出各种“改良”措施,而不自知已经连理想、诗意、勇气、神圣与信心都一同放弃了。失去了“宏大叙事”,个体叙事不一定奔向灿烂的“多元化”,却可能趋近平庸、无聊、绝望以至邪恶。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 17.95pt; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">评论一位大师级的评论家会让任何评论者气馁,不能停留在高山仰止,又无法企及他的高度。但阅读切斯特顿实在是快事,一边深为切斯特顿的宽广、深刻和正确性折服,一边赞叹到他犀利的文风充满智慧和欢愉,总能在最严肃的话题上举重若轻,使人会意大笑。最后再列举三个阅读切斯特顿的理由:寻求真理;砥砺思维;怡情悦性。如果读书的终极目的是与伟大的心灵对话,那么《回到正统》就是那本书。</span></p><div><br clear="all"><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">这篇专栏文章在《伦敦新闻画报》(</span><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">Illustrated London New s</span></i><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">),</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">1909</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">月</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">日。这段记载见</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">Alzina Stone Dale,&nbsp;<i>The Outline of Sanity: A Life of G. K. Chesterton</i>&nbsp;(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmanns, 1982), 137-138.</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">C. S. Lewis</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">,</span><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">Surprised by Joy</span></i>&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">(New York: Harcourt Brace Jonanovich, 1955), 190-191.</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">此处指</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">20</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">世纪最重要的阿奎那学者之一艾田内·吉尔森(</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">Etienne Gilson</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">),这段记载见</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">Maisie Ward</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">,</span><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">Gilbert Keith Chesterton</span></i>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">(</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">New York: Sheed and Ward, 1942</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">)</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">, 620.</span>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">转引自</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">Dale Ahlquist,&nbsp;<i>G. K. Chesterton: The Apostle of Common Sense</i>, (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2003), 104-105.</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">除了布朗神父系列之外,中文的切斯特顿作品仅有《改变就是进步?——切斯特顿随笔》于</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">2009</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年由上海东方出版社出版,《回到正统》(</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">2009</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">)、《知道太多的人》(</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">1998</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">)在台北出版,以及《回到正统》、《切斯特顿》于</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">2011</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">月由北京三联书店出版。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><i>G. K. Chesterton: The Apostle of Common Sense</i>, 12.</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">萧伯纳此语出自他对切斯特顿《爱尔兰印象》的评论,见</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">D. J. Conlon, ed.,&nbsp;<i>G. K. Chestreton: The Critical Judgments (1900-1937)</i>&nbsp;(Anwerp: Antwerp Studies in English Literature, 1976), 363.</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">切斯特顿,《回到正统》,庄柔玉译,北京:三联书店,</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">2011</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">月,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">2</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">同上,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">《回到正统》,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">6</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">同上,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">126</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">切斯特顿,《异教徒》,汪咏梅译,北京,三联书店,</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">2011</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">年</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">5</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">月,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">55</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">同上,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">79-80</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">同上,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">107</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">同上,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">96</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">同上,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">3</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">同上,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">19</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">同上,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">136</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">G. K. Chesterton,&nbsp;<i>Autobiography</i>, in vol. 16 of&nbsp;<i>The Collected Works of G. K. Chesterton</i>( San Francisco: Ignatius, 1987), 225.</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">同上,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">49</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">同上,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">10</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">同上,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">59</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">歌德,《浮士德》,董问樵译,复旦大学出版社,</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">1982</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">69</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页,第</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">669</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 宋体; ">页。</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><a title="" href="http://control.blog.sina.com.cn/admin/article/article_add.php#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(79, 114, 0); "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 仿宋; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; font-family: 仿宋; ">如德国著名神学家、现象学家舍勒在20世纪哲学人类学的奠基之作《人在宇宙中的地位》的序言中解释为什么需要建设一种新的哲学人论?因为目前我们拥有的人类学遗产是“三种互不相干的人类学”,即自然科学的、哲学的和神学的人类学,这分别是近代自然科学、古希腊和基督教给我们留下的。结果是“人自身在历史上的任何时候都不像现在这样成问题”。《人在宇宙中的地位》,马克斯·舍勒、陈泽环、沈国庆译,上海文化出版社,1989,第12页。</span></p></div></div></div>
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